R/data_ison.R
ison_hightech.Rd21 managers of a company of just over 100 employees manufactured high-tech equipment on the west coast of the United States. Three types of ties were collected:
advice: every manager's answers to the question "Who would this person go to for help or advice at work?", asked about each of the 21 managers in turn
friends: every manager's answers to the question "Who would this person consider to be a friend?", again asked about each of the 21 managers
reports: "To whom do you report?" based on company reports
The advice and friendship layers are therefore cognitive social structures: each manager reports on every tie among all 21 managers, and each tie names the manager who reported it in its 'by' column. The reports layer is taken from company records, so its ties name no reporter.
The data is anonymised, but four nodal attributes are included:
age: the manager's age in years
tenure: the manager's length of service
level: the manager's level in the corporate hierarchy, where 3 = CEO, 2 = Vice President, and 1 = manager
dept: one of four departments, B, C, D, E, with the CEO alone in A
data(ison_hightech)#> -- # High-tech company managers ------------------------------------------------
#> # A multiplex, directed cognitive social structure of 21 managers and 2735
#> advice arcs, 790 friendship arcs, and 20 report arcs from 21 reporters
#>
#> -- Nodes
#> # A tibble: 21 x 4
#> age tenure level dept
#> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <chr>
#> 1 33 9 1 E
#> 2 42 20 2 E
#> 3 40 13 1 C
#> 4 33 8 1 E
#> 5 32 3 1 C
#> 6 59 28 1 B
#> # i 15 more rows
#>
#> -- Ties
#> # A tibble: 3,545 x 4
#> from to by layer
#> <int> <int> <int> <chr>
#> 1 2 1 1 advice
#> 2 3 1 1 advice
#> 3 4 1 1 advice
#> 4 5 1 1 advice
#> 5 6 1 1 advice
#> 6 7 1 1 advice
#> # i 3,539 more rows
#>Aguiar, Izabel. 2022. "Krackhardt's Cognitive Social Structures". https://github.com/izabelaguiar/krackhardt
Yenigun, Deniz, Gunes Ertan, and Michael Siciliano. 2016. cssTools: Cognitive Social Structure Tools. R package version 1.0. doi:10.32614/CRAN.package.cssTools
Most measures pool every report as a tie of its own, so a tie reported
by all 21 managers counts 21 times.
Use to_reporter() for one manager's view of the network,
or to_aggregated(over = "by") to combine the views.
Each manager's own report on their own ties,
to_aggregated(ison_hightech, over = "by", reporters = "sender"),
gives the network that earlier versions of this dataset held,
and that is often distributed as the high-tech managers network.
The friendship reports come from cssTools::highTechManagers
(Yenigun, Ertan, and Siciliano 2016).
That dataset replaces manager 17's report on their own friendships,
which it describes as naming every other manager,
with the reports of the other managers about manager 17.
Here that row is instead taken from the friendship network of the earlier
versions, in which manager 17 names 18 of the other 20 managers.
The advice reports come from the transcription of the appendix of
Krackhardt (1987) by Izabel Aguiar.
Krackhardt, David. 1987. "Cognitive social structures". Social Networks 9(2): 109-134. doi:10.1016/0378-8733(87)90009-8