These functions return logical vectors the length of the ties in a network identifying which are embedded within particular dyads.

  • tie_is_multiple() marks ties that repeat an earlier tie between the same two nodes.

  • tie_is_reciprocated() marks ties that are mutual/reciprocated.

They are most useful in highlighting parts of the network where relationships are denser.

tie_is_multiple(.data)

tie_is_reciprocated(.data)

Arguments

.data

A network object of class stocnet, igraph, tbl_graph, network, or similar. Internally any of these will be coerced to an efficient implementation. For more information on possible coercions, see e.g. manynet::as_stocnet().

Value

A tie_mark logical vector the length of the ties in the network, giving either TRUE or FALSE for each tie depending on whether the condition is matched.

Multiple and parallel ties

tie_is_multiple() and manynet::tie_is_parallel() answer different questions, and can give different answers on the same network.

tie_is_multiple() marks only the repeats, as igraph::which_multiple() does: the first tie between two nodes is FALSE, and each further tie between them is TRUE. It reads nothing but the two nodes a tie joins, so ties at different times, in different layers, or from different reporters all count as repeats of each other.

manynet::tie_is_parallel() marks every tie in such a bundle, the first included, but only where the ties coexist: at the same time or over overlapping intervals, in the same layer, and from the same reporter. Use it to ask whether a network holds ties that could be combined.

Examples

tie_is_multiple(fict_marvel)
#>   `Abomination-Abomination` `Abomination-Beast` `Abomination-Colossus`
#> 1 FALSE                     FALSE               FALSE                 
#> # ... and 1238 more values from this nodeset. Use `print_all(...)` to print all values.
tie_is_reciprocated(ison_algebra)
#>   `1->5` `1->5` `1->8` `1->9` `1->9` `1->10` `1->10` `1->11` `1->12` `1->12`
#> 1 TRUE   TRUE   FALSE  TRUE   TRUE   TRUE    TRUE    TRUE    TRUE    TRUE   
#> # ... and 269 more values from this nodeset. Use `print_all(...)` to print all values.